Patricia Harrelson 2008-11-12

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Atul Gwande's "Better: A Surgeon's Notes on Performance" is a collection of essays that probe skillfully and poignantly into the depths of medical ethics and the performance of doctors. He is a fine researcher and an astute observer who carefully delineates many facets of each issue that he explores, be it washing hands, malpractice concerns, or the Apgar score.

As a non-fiction writer, I was acutely aware of how adept Gawande is at using narrative to illustrate and discuss complex moral and ethical issues. He does not skirt controversial notions such as what happens to the soldiers who have been saved from grave injury on the battlefield and come home limbless and with horribly scared faces? Or why hospitals avoid publicizing the results of their effectiveness in treating certain conditions?

At the end of his book, he makes five suggestions about how doctors might make a worthy difference. All of these suggestions make sense for anyone wanting to make a difference. I'm only going to mention one that hits close to home: He says, "write something. . . it makes no difference if you write five paragraphs for a blog, a paper for a professional journal, or a poem for a reading group. Just write."

Let me add, just read Gwande's "Better."

Davis Liu 2008-10-31

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A fascinating and quick read, in each section there are plenty of inspiring stores about doctors making a difference. Dr. Atul Gawande, a general surgeon at Brigham and Women's Hospital and staff writer for the New Yorker has keen observation and insight to make single stories demonstrate not only the failings of our healthcare system but also the solutions to them because of individuals asking questions on how to do better. Ultimately, one of the questions he asks is how can doctors and hospitals be positive deviants? How does one become a positive deviant or an outlier that pushes beyond convention and advances patient care to new levels?

He gives examples of how over four million children need to be vaccinated in Northern/Southern India in three days to prevent a large polio outbreak. An immunization rate of less than 90 percent would be considered a failure.

Dr. Gawande talked about the evolution of obstetrics. After a damaging report in 1933, the specialty consequently committed itself to standardizing childbirth ensuring that with the new medical knowledge that it was applied consistently and routinely throughout the country. As a result maternal death in childbirth fell 90 percent from one in 150 in the 1930s to one in 2000 by 1950s. With continued innovations and the commitment to do better, the chance of a woman dying in childbirth is less than one in 10,000 today.

There are plenty of amazing examples that you don't have to be a doctor to relate on how truly inspirational these individuals are in times when the stakes could not be higher - life or death.

As a practicing family doctor, I believe that our healthcare system can do better in providing all of us the best care consistently and routinely across the country. Although his book is easily a classic and should be required reading for all future doctors, sadly I think true healthcare reform and improvement are years away. I wrote the book Stay Healthy, Live Longer, Spend Wisely: Making Intelligent Choices in America's Healthcare System specifically so everyone has the information they need to get the best care today. Until our healthcare system improves to its full potential as Dr. Gawande challenges us to do, unfortunately will always remain benefiting those who are insiders and harming those who are not. The real question is which one are you?

Barbara L. Lemaster 2008-10-10

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Like another Amazon reviewer, I found this book to be the best book written about the medical profession in some time. Dr. Gawande's style is lively and thought-provoking, particularly as he discusses practicing medicine in war-torn Iraq or how doctors struggle with ethical concerns relating to capital punishment.

Timothy Haugh 2008-08-09

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I thought Atul Gawande's last book, Complications, was one of the best books written on the medical profession in a long while. In it, Gawande showed a deep respect and sympathy for patients while trying to be clear about what would help the medical establishment do a better job from a doctor's point of view. In this book, he covers some of the same ground but, as his title implies, here he is focused specifically on what it takes to do things better as a doctor. The chapters here are grouped under three big heading which Gawande feels are the categories of improvement: diligence, doing right, and ingenuity. Within that, he tells some fascinating stories.

Under diligence, he describes how simple persistence can improve performance significantly. For example, simple compliance with washing hands before and after each interaction with a patient would reduce unnecessary infections greatly and yet it is one of the poorest areas of performance in many medical establishment. My wife had a baby a couple weeks ago at a well-respected New York City hospital (that shall remain nameless) and, having read this book, I couldn't help but watch the hand washing. Though there was hand-washing going on, my anecdotal results were somewhat disappointing. It's scary. And yet, his stories of the effort to send polio the way of smallpox and the amazing success rates of medical teams in Iraq through no more than basic diligence with well-established methods give readers hope.

Under doing right, Gawande tells stories of the continuing debate over what constitutes right and wrong in medicine. What is the proper way to interact with someone who you have to examine naked? When is it fair to sue a doctor and how much is it worth? What should a doctor be paid for their services? Should a doctor participate in executions at prisons, considering the methods we use now are basically medical? When should a doctor continue treatment at all costs or let a patient die? These are questions with no easy answers and Gawande takes a balanced approach.

Under ingenuity, he discusses some simple, clever ideas that have helped improve performance in various areas. His wonderful chapter on childbirth focuses on the Apgar score for newborns. As most know, this is a number ubiquitous now at the birth of a baby. It wasn't even developed by an OB/GYN. It was developed by an anaesthesiologist. It required no new medical techniques. It simply required doctors and nurses to do a directed assessment of a baby at birth. And yet, this simple, ingenious change, dropped child mortality rates significantly as babies previously thought to have no chance were given a chance and hospitals competed to "improve" their Apgar scores. In this section he also has a discussion on how true analysis of doctor and hospital performance is rare but, when used, greatly improves success as well as a discussion of the amazing cleverness of doctors in the poorest parts of the world to do procedures with limited equipment. It was incredibly eye-opening.

It is a fact of life that all of us will have to encounter the medical establishment from time to time. It can be incredibly frustrating. Still, it's nice to know that there are doctors like Gawande trying to understand things and make them better. In addition, he is a fine writer who has a wealth of interesting history and personal anecdotes that help make his ideas clear. Everyone should take some time and read his work.

Siu-Kwan Tsui 2008-08-07

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I have to agree with Stephen Laniel that Gawande's Better is such a thought-provoking and insightful book that I couldn't help but keep reading till the end (however, I am such a slow reader, so I wasn't able to finish it in 4 hours. Though I managed to finish reading it on my road trip back to New York City from Maine this weekend. Of course, I was sitting comfortably in the passenger seat.

I do like "The Doctors of the Death Chambers" a lot. I think it was a tough call for the four physicians to make: whether to abide by the medical ethics codes or to "do it right" according to their conscience. Life is full of these ethical dilemmas that none of us can avoid. Normally we simply follow our gut feelings and if we are wrong likely it won't have any fatal or tragic consequence. But the dilemma these physicians encountered was particularly difficult as human lives were involved. They were being criticized by others as unethical and they could even jeopardize their jobs. Although medical professionals should be dedicated to preserve life, is it wrong to make it a less violent and more peaceful passing when the death is inevitable? Observing the rules blindly meant unnecessary and inhumane suffering during the execution, which is not something the medical society (or anyone of us) should encourage.

"The bell curve" is my favorite. I was particularly impressed by Dr. Warwick's ingenuity. Not only does he constantly push the quality of care he delivers to a higher level and strive for perfection, he also pushes his patient to do better and try harder. During the course of treatment, patients do play a key role in getting the desirable outcome. I couldn't help but keep thinking about a disappointing dialogue I had with my primary care physician when I told her I had been experiencing knee pain lately - mostly after running for over 40 minutes (funny it's as if my knee has a timer). She simply gave me a cold response, "You just have to stop running." I thought to myself that running is what gives me "bliss," so how can I just give up without even "trying" to fix the problem? If I were lucky enough to have Dr. Warwick as my physician, he would have asked the questions to lead to a more proper diagnosis and offered a workable treatment plan that allows me to run a half-marathon, if not a full marathon. Even if I wouldn't get better, at least we wouldn't give up.

Definitely don't miss the Afterword. The suggestions for becoming a positive deviant are not limited to physicians only. They can be applied more broadly to every single individual. Everyone is given the opportunity to be a positive deviant in whatever aspect of life we desire (be it our professional endeavor, our interpersonal relationship, or our social responsibility, etc...). If you do miss the Afterword, here is the essence: As Atul suggested, "Find something new to try, something to change. Count how often you succeed and how often you fail. Write about it. Ask people what they think. See if you can keep the conversation going.

I enjoyed this book so much that I finished his other book titled "Complications" upon returning to NYC and continue to read through the articles posted on Dr. Gawande's website at http://www.gawande.com.

Coincidentally I recently came across an article titled "Where in the body is that sponge?" in the July 2008 issue of Health IT News (Yes, I am a geek in Health IT) which is related to Dr. Gawande's recent published findings in the Annals of Surgery about a computer-assisted method of counting surgical sponges (see http://www.gawande.com/documents/2008AnnSurg--BeyondCountingeditorial.pdf).